This Literature Review Examines Intimate Partner Violence

This literature review examines intimate partner violence perpetrated by males upon their female partners. Partner relationships will be those defined as a family including heterosexual partners bound by legal marriage as well as those cohabitating or common-law within the same household. Basis for this review is built upon an analysis of five scholarly and five non-scholarly works. IPV will be defined and referred to throughout this review based on the 2012 World Health Organization’s definition, â€Å"IPV refers to any behaviour within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological, or sexual harm to those in the relationship,† (WHO, 2012). The Family The family is the oldest and most common social relationship, identifying†¦show more content†¦Accordingly to Statistics Canada IPV â€Å"accounts for one of every four violent crimes reported to the police,† in 2011 (Sinha, 2013) representing 95,000 victims; 49% representative of abuse by current or former spouse, of which 80% of the victims were female (44,800 persons). By Canadian standards the number of IPC incidences within the Unite States are staggering. Based on 2010 statistics compiled by the Center for Disease Control, â€Å"35.6% of women in the United States have experienced rape, physical violence and/or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime† (Black, et al., 2011). Theories about IPV Within the literature consulted, no one reason or cause of IPV is agreed upon. Instead, numerous theories propose why such violence occurs. Barbara A. Mitchell notes, â€Å"theories range from blaming the perpetrator to placing responsibility on social structure,† (page #) faulting a series of causalities. Three categorical theories propose IPV results due to 1) individual pathology; 2) learned behaviours; or 3) a by-product of environmental stressors (Mitchell, 2012). Each of which containing models or theories further elaborating upon potential causes of IPV. Attributing personality traits, biological or physiological elements associated within genetics, to parental behaviours witness and modelled (Social Learning Theory), or â€Å"environmental triggers of stressors† (Mitchell, 2012, p. 344). Mitchel discusses an ecologicalShow MoreRelatedParental Educational Level, Socio Economic Status ( Ses ) And Children s Risk Of Violence Essay1563 Words   |  7 PagesTh is project is a literature review focusing on the relationship between parental educational level, socio-economic status (SES) and children’s risk of violence. 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The main body of the present literature review focuses on the prevalence of intimate partner violence, the overlapping of intimate partner violence and child abuse, outcomes for these children

Moral Implication of Frankenstein - 1674 Words

The message, merits, and moral implications of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein have been long debated and discussed. Many recurring themes which are apt to surface in these conversations are those such as the woes of artificial creation and the â€Å"man is not God† argument. These themes have been so thoroughly explored and exploited that this essay could not possibly generate and original thought within the realms covered by these topics. In order to formulate something remotely fresh and at least relatively interesting, this essay seeks to shift the focus to the less explored dilemmas which Shelley may have purposely or subconsciously woven into the classic novel. The very fact that Mary Shelley is a woman casts the already remarkable tale†¦show more content†¦Having shown that Shelley intended for Victor to play the role of ‘mother’ in her analogy, focus will now shift to the ultimate point of the novel: The nurturing provided by a mother (Vict or), is the most necessary and vital experience of a child’s life and directly affects the person he becomes. From the very beginning, Victor shirks the responsibility of nurture and literally runs from it. As the creature awakes he exclaims: â€Å"breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created; I rushed out of the room† (Shelley 58). The Monster then immediately assumes the role of infant in the relationship as Victor says, â€Å"His eyes were fixed on me. His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks† (Shelley 59). 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Origins and Definitions by Lee Su Kim free essay sample

The evolution of this unique ethnic group dates as far back as 500 to 600 years ago when Chinese traders arrived in parts of the Malay Peninsula, the nucleus of which was Malacca, the center of the Malacca Sultanate. The Chinese men did not bring their women folk along, and many intermarried with the local women. The acute shortage of Chinese women accounted for the frequent intermarriages between the early Chinese and the local women. Intermarriage between the Babas and the Malays eventually ceased, and for hundreds of years past, the Babas have married exclusively amongst their own peoples becoming an endogamous and elite group. Today, it is found distributed throughout Malaysia and Singapore with its strongholds in Malacca, Singapore and Penang. There exists some confusion of terminology. Three terms are commonly used interchangeably to describe this community – the Peranakan, the Straits Chinese, and the Babas and Nyonyas. The word Peranakan is derived from the Malay word ‘anak’ which means ‘child’. We will write a custom essay sample on Origins and Definitions by Lee Su Kim or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The term refers to local-borns as well as the offspring of foreigner-native union. Frank Swettenham explains that the term Baba is used for Straits born males, whether the children of English, Chinese or Eurasian parents and is of Hindustani origin (Tan, 1988). Baba is the term for the male and Nyonya for the female. The word Baba may be derived from the word bapa which means father in Malay. Some historians think that it is an honorific and the equivalent for a tuan or a towkay. The word Nyonya is said to have originated from Java.The Straits Chinese regarded the Straits Settlements as their homeland and while maintaining a basically Chinese identity, gradually abandoned the close links of kinship, sentiment, political allegiance and financial remittances to China so characteristic of the non-Baba Chinese ( Clammer, 1980).A clear distinction must be made between the Straits Chinese and the Straits-born Chinese. To be defined as a Straits Chinese, he or she would have to adopt the exterior markers of a Baba or Nyonya, in language, customs, kinship, dress, food and even occupation.

Jamaican music is catalyst for social change free essay sample

The main stream spread of reggae music; it has become a catalyst for change in countries other than its root country Jamaica. The influence of reggae music has been tremendous due to artist like Peter Tosh, Burning Spear and the Legendary Bob Marley. To discuss the influence of reggae music; we will focus on the African Country of South Africa. Before we dive into the meat of the matter there is an important term that must be defined as you will be hearing a lot about it in this presentation. Apartheid – An official policy of racial segregation formerly practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discrimination against nonwhites. Through the music of Jamaican artist such as Peter Tosh, Burning Spear and Bob Marley, Young South Africans who were anti-apartheid found inspiration, motivation and influence. They used the Jamaican musical genre as a voice to their cause or theme songs to their fight. We will write a custom essay sample on Jamaican music is catalyst for social change or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example in 1977 Reggae Star Peter Tosh produced the song Fight Apartheid. Now I would like to pay close attention to the line where he mentions about prisons and keep it in mind as it will resurface later on in this presentation. There is a saying with goes imitation is the greatest form of flattery. Although they were exposed to Jamaican songs it would not have such an impact if artist such as Johnny Clegg, O’Yaba and Lucky Dube did not start to sing and produce their own reggae music in English as well as their own languages of Zulu or Afrikaan. With reggae music South African Artist were able to break down social barriers. Johnny Clegg formed the first inter racial band in South Africa which was against apartheid laws. Despite that fact and the many concerts that were shut down and cancelled due to apartheid the band still continued to produce and perform songs against Apartheid. O’yaba which was an all-black South African band produced many songs against the apartheid, although they got banned on the airwaves and could only play on black stations. However Lucky Dube shattered the barriers through his songs, by having the first anti-apartheid song to play on a white station. This song became the soundtrack for the Anti-apartheid movement. With his many songs against apartheid Lucky Dube was able to speak against apartheid and influence many generations of South Africans. Lucky Dube has been noted to have said that he was in thrall to the music of Bob Marley and the chief guitarist of the Wailers, Peter Tosh, envying the drive and edge of Jamaican reggae. At his own concerts he would dive off into that music, with its  undertow of social and political subversion couched in blatant English, and find that the crowd loved it. Only one genre of music could have had such a great impact, you can call me bias. But reggae music’s conscious vibe, political and social messages was able to impact a generation of youth and comfort a nation in one of its darkest times.